Have brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) displaced bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) along longitudinal gradients in central Idaho streams?

نویسندگان

  • Bruce E. Rieman
  • James T. Peterson
  • Deborah L. Myers
چکیده

Invasions of non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) have the potential for upstream displacement or elimination of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and other native species already threatened by habitat loss. We summarized the distribution and number of bull trout in samples from 12 streams with and without brook trout in central Idaho and used hierarchical regression analysis to consider whether brook trout have displaced bull trout along gradients of temperature and elevation. Brook trout generally were observed in higher numbers downstream of bull trout. Brook trout presence, number, and both temperature and elevation were important variables explaining the observed distributions and number of bull trout among streams. Our analyses support the hypothesis that brook trout have displaced bull trout, but results were highly variable and stream dependent. Although brook trout appeared to have displaced bull trout to higher elevations or colder temperatures, there was no clear influence on overall number of bull trout. Brook trout probably do influence bull trout populations and facilitate if not cause local extinctions, but threats probably vary strongly with environmental conditions. Bull trout in smaller streams could be more vulnerable than those in larger streams. Résumé : Les invasions d’ombles de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) non indigènes peuvent potentiellement déplacer vers l’amont ou éliminer les ombles à tête plate (Salvelinus confluentus) ou d’autres espèces indigènes déjà menacées par les pertes d’habitat. Nous avons compilé la répartition et l’abondance des ombles à tête plate dans des échantillons provenant de 12 cours d’eau avec ou sans ombles de fontaine dans le centre de l’Idaho; nous avons utilisé l’analyse de régression hiérarchique afin de voir si l’omble de fontaine a déplacé l’omble à tête plate le long de gradients de température et d’altitude. L’omble de fontaine se retrouve et s’observe généralement en plus grand nombre en aval de l’omble à tête plate. La présence et le nombre d’ombles de fontaine, ainsi que la température et l’altitude, sont des variables explicatives des répartitions observées et des nombres d’ombles à tête plate dans ces cours d’eau. Nos analyses appuient l’hypothèse qui veut que l’omble de fontaine déplace l’omble à tête plate, mais les résultats sont très variables et ils changent d’un cours d’eau à un autre. Bien que l’omble de fontaine semble avoir déplacé l’omble à tête plate vers les altitudes plus élevées ou les températures plus froides, il n’y a pas d’influence claire sur les nombres totaux d’ombles à tête plate. L’omble de fontaine influence vraisemblablement les populations d’ombles à tête plate et facilite, sans nécessairement les causer, des extinctions locales; le danger varie cependant fortement d’après les conditions du milieu. Il se peut que les ombles à tête plate des plus petits cours d’eau soient plus menacés que ceux des cours d’eau plus grands. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Rieman et al. 78

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تاریخ انتشار 2005